There was an interesting little story regarding medicals on SSN the other day, it showed what actually happens in the whole process.
You have MRI scans, heart scans, breathing tests as well as your joints. You get all sorts of weird and wonderful injections and blood tests, and medicals are often conducted in separate parts as well - but I imagine we're doing this all in one at Bologna.
They also said on Sky that no medical is always 100%, it's up to the doctors to then present evidence to the club on their current condition and if the signing would present a long-term risk. Short-term problems would often be ignored.